Supreme Court of India Judgements

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Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC) — Section 302/149 — Murder — Conviction and sentence for life imprisonment — Unlawful assembly and common object — Accused alighting from a bus together, armed with firearms, establishes unlawful assembly with a common object — Vicarious liability under Section 149 IPC applies to all members of the unlawful assembly — Presence in the assembly is sufficient for conviction even without overt acts by each individual. Criminal Law — Investigation — Overzealous or lethargic investigation can be fatal to prosecution — A proper investigation requires drawing up a scene mahazar, forensic examination, independent witnesses, and thorough examination of the cause of fire — The failure to do so, coupled with contradictory statements from the investigating officer and undue haste in recording statements, can render the investigation a sham and prejudice the accused — Acquittal upheld by the Supreme Court due to flawed investigation and lack of credible evidence. Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 (RPwD Act) — Disability — Mental Illness and Specific Learning Disability — Post of Auditor in CAG — Identified as not suitable for persons with benchmark disabilities suffering from mental illness, but later identified as suitable for Group C posts of Assistant (Audit) and Auditor-II through Notification dated 4th January, 2021 — Court directs accommodation in suitable Group C posts. Constitution of India, 1950 — Article 311(2) second proviso (b) — Dismissal from service without departmental inquiry — Requirement of reasonable practicability — Mere presumption or belief by disciplinary authority not sufficient — Must be based on objective facts and material on record. Article 311(2) second proviso (b) — Dispensing with departmental inquiry — Decision of disciplinary authority not binding on courts; subject to judicial review — Reasons for dispensing must be plausible and based on definite material. Artificial Intelligence (AI) — Use in Legal Proceedings — Reliance on AI-generated judgments by a court is a serious matter concerning the integrity of the judicial process — Such judgments, if non-existent or fake, amount to misconduct rather than a simple error of judgment — Supreme Court orders examination of consequences and accountability for such practices — Notice issued to the Attorney General, Solicitor General, and Bar Council of India to address this institutional concern.
Acquittal Dying Declaration

Criminal Law — Investigation — Overzealous or lethargic investigation can be fatal to prosecution — A proper investigation requires drawing up a scene mahazar, forensic examination, independent witnesses, and thorough examination of the cause of fire — The failure to do so, coupled with contradictory statements from the investigating officer and undue haste in recording statements, can render the investigation a sham and prejudice the accused — Acquittal upheld by the Supreme Court due to flawed investigation and lack of credible evidence.

Mar 14, 2026 sclaw
Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC) — Section 302/149 — Murder — Conviction and sentence for life imprisonment — Unlawful assembly and common object — Accused alighting from a bus together, armed with firearms, establishes unlawful assembly with a common object — Vicarious liability under Section 149 IPC applies to all members of the unlawful assembly — Presence in the assembly is sufficient for conviction even without overt acts by each individual.
I P C
Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC) — Section 302/149 — Murder — Conviction and sentence for life imprisonment — Unlawful assembly and common object — Accused alighting from a bus together, armed with firearms, establishes unlawful assembly with a common object — Vicarious liability under Section 149 IPC applies to all members of the unlawful assembly — Presence in the assembly is sufficient for conviction even without overt acts by each individual.
Criminal Law — Investigation — Overzealous or lethargic investigation can be fatal to prosecution — A proper investigation requires drawing up a scene mahazar, forensic examination, independent witnesses, and thorough examination of the cause of fire — The failure to do so, coupled with contradictory statements from the investigating officer and undue haste in recording statements, can render the investigation a sham and prejudice the accused — Acquittal upheld by the Supreme Court due to flawed investigation and lack of credible evidence.
Acquittal Dying Declaration
Criminal Law — Investigation — Overzealous or lethargic investigation can be fatal to prosecution — A proper investigation requires drawing up a scene mahazar, forensic examination, independent witnesses, and thorough examination of the cause of fire — The failure to do so, coupled with contradictory statements from the investigating officer and undue haste in recording statements, can render the investigation a sham and prejudice the accused — Acquittal upheld by the Supreme Court due to flawed investigation and lack of credible evidence.
Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 (RPwD Act) — Disability — Mental Illness and Specific Learning Disability — Post of Auditor in CAG — Identified as not suitable for persons with benchmark disabilities suffering from mental illness, but later identified as suitable for Group C posts of Assistant (Audit) and Auditor-II through Notification dated 4th January, 2021 — Court directs accommodation in suitable Group C posts.
Constitution Service
Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 (RPwD Act) — Disability — Mental Illness and Specific Learning Disability — Post of Auditor in CAG — Identified as not suitable for persons with benchmark disabilities suffering from mental illness, but later identified as suitable for Group C posts of Assistant (Audit) and Auditor-II through Notification dated 4th January, 2021 — Court directs accommodation in suitable Group C posts.
Constitution of India, 1950 — Article 311(2) second proviso (b) — Dismissal from service without departmental inquiry — Requirement of reasonable practicability — Mere presumption or belief by disciplinary authority not sufficient — Must be based on objective facts and material on record. Article 311(2) second proviso (b) — Dispensing with departmental inquiry — Decision of disciplinary authority not binding on courts; subject to judicial review — Reasons for dispensing must be plausible and based on definite material.
Constitution Service
Constitution of India, 1950 — Article 311(2) second proviso (b) — Dismissal from service without departmental inquiry — Requirement of reasonable practicability — Mere presumption or belief by disciplinary authority not sufficient — Must be based on objective facts and material on record. Article 311(2) second proviso (b) — Dispensing with departmental inquiry — Decision of disciplinary authority not binding on courts; subject to judicial review — Reasons for dispensing must be plausible and based on definite material.
C P C

Auction sale of immovable property–Confirmation of–Only because the sale was confirmed within a period of 30 days from the date of acceptance of bid, the same by itself, was not decisive to set aside the sale after 8 years. Auction sale–Deposit of amount–Term ‘immediately’– Required to be construed as meaning with all reasonable speed, considering the circumstances of the case.

Apr 7, 2017 sclaw

2007(1) LAW HERALD (SC) 631 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Before The Hon’ble Mr. Justice S.B. Sinha The Hon’ble Mr. Justice Markandey Katju  Civil Appeal No. 6129 of 2000…

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I P C

Indian Penal Code, 1860 (IPC) — Section 302/149 — Murder — Conviction and sentence for life imprisonment — Unlawful assembly and common object — Accused alighting from a bus together, armed with firearms, establishes unlawful assembly with a common object — Vicarious liability under Section 149 IPC applies to all members of the unlawful assembly — Presence in the assembly is sufficient for conviction even without overt acts by each individual.

Mar 14, 2026 sclaw
Acquittal Dying Declaration

Criminal Law — Investigation — Overzealous or lethargic investigation can be fatal to prosecution — A proper investigation requires drawing up a scene mahazar, forensic examination, independent witnesses, and thorough examination of the cause of fire — The failure to do so, coupled with contradictory statements from the investigating officer and undue haste in recording statements, can render the investigation a sham and prejudice the accused — Acquittal upheld by the Supreme Court due to flawed investigation and lack of credible evidence.

Mar 14, 2026 sclaw
Constitution Service

Rights of Persons with Disabilities Act, 2016 (RPwD Act) — Disability — Mental Illness and Specific Learning Disability — Post of Auditor in CAG — Identified as not suitable for persons with benchmark disabilities suffering from mental illness, but later identified as suitable for Group C posts of Assistant (Audit) and Auditor-II through Notification dated 4th January, 2021 — Court directs accommodation in suitable Group C posts.

Mar 14, 2026 sclaw
Constitution Service

Constitution of India, 1950 — Article 311(2) second proviso (b) — Dismissal from service without departmental inquiry — Requirement of reasonable practicability — Mere presumption or belief by disciplinary authority not sufficient — Must be based on objective facts and material on record. Article 311(2) second proviso (b) — Dispensing with departmental inquiry — Decision of disciplinary authority not binding on courts; subject to judicial review — Reasons for dispensing must be plausible and based on definite material.

Mar 14, 2026 sclaw