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Industrial Disputes Act, 1947 — Section 25-O — Procedure for closing down an undertaking — Right to close down business is integral to right to carry on business under Article 19(1)(g) but subject to reasonable restrictions — Section 25-O provides a detailed procedure for obtaining prior permission for closure — Appropriate Government must conduct an enquiry and grant a hearing before passing a reasoned order — If no order is communicated within 60 days, permission is deemed to be granted. Criminal Law — Circumstantial Evidence — Admitted Facts — Cause of death by gunshot from a specific weapon in appellant’s home undisputed — Appellant admitted removing the body and cleaning the scene — Discovery of articles linked to the incident from appellant’s disclosure relevant for Section 201 IPC. Maternity leave as a facet of reproductive rights and dignity is a constitutional guarantee, requiring service rules to be interpreted liberally, not restricting benefit based on children from a previous marriage not in the employee’s custody. A flawed investigation, suppression of material evidence in the form of contradictory witness affidavits, and failure to address glaring inconsistencies render prosecution evidence unreliable, necessitating acquittal to ensure a fair trial. Five golden principles for cases based on circumstantial evidence reiterated: (1) circumstances establishing conclusion of guilt must be fully established; (2) facts established consistent only with hypothesis of guilt; (3) circumstances conclusive in nature; (4) exclude every possible hypothesis except guilt; (5) complete chain of evidence leaving no reasonable ground for innocence

Motor Vehicles Act, 1988, S.166—Accident—License—Photocopy of license was marked as exhibit-Once the license was proved by the driver and marked in evidence and without there being any objection by the Insurance Company, the Insurance company had no right to raise any objections about the admissibility and manner of proving the license at a later stage.

2016(5) Law Herald (P&H) 3988 (SC) : 2018 LawHerald.Org 1897 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Before The Hon’ble Mr. Justice J. Chalameswar  The Hon’ble Mr, Justice Abhay Manohar Sapre…

Indian Penal Code, 1860, S.302–Murder–Fixed period of sentence-High court is empowered to impose a fixed term sentence—Contention that when IPC provides for only two punishments i.e. imprisonments for life or death, the court cannot introduce a third category of punishment, rejected

2016(5) Law Herald (P&H) 3885 (SC) : 2016 LawHerald.Org 1920 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Before The Hon’ble Mr. Justice Dipak Misra The Hon’ble Mr. Justice C. Nagappan Criminal…