Supreme Court of India Judgements

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Consumer Protection Act, 1986 — Section 2(1)(g) — Deficiency in service — Manufacturing defect — Vehicle purchased with manufacturing defect — State Commission awarded refund of purchase price and compensation — High Court modified the order, directing refund of the principal amount without interest or compensation, citing the complainant’s refusal to accept a replacement engine — Appeal partly allowed Consumer Protection Act, 1986 — Sections 21, 22 — Medical Negligence — Burden of Proof — Complainant failed to discharge the burden of proving medical negligence by leading cogent and convincing evidence — Mere assertions or affidavits are insufficient — Dismissed Consumer Protection Act, 1986 — Section 21(b) — Revisional Jurisdiction — Limited scope — Cannot be invoked for setting aside orders based solely on appreciation of facts. Consumer Protection Act, 1986 — Section 2(1)(d)(ii) — Definition of “Consumer” — Commercial Purpose — Bank Guarantees availed for the purpose of facilitating profit generation in a business transaction are not considered to be for a commercial purpose that excludes them from the definition of a consumer under the Act, especially when the dispute concerns the refund of commission for unutilized periods of such guarantees — The dominant purpose test applies, and the specific nature of the dispute regarding service charges makes the complaint maintainable — The interpretation of “commercial purpose” should not exclude disputes related to service charges for financial facilities. Housing Finance — Loan Disbursement — Due Diligence — The National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission emphasized that while a housing finance company (HFC) has a duty to exercise due diligence, borrowers also have a responsibility to exercise reasonable care and circumspection when availing home loans, especially in builder-linked projects with potential delays or issues — The Commission found that the borrowers had already booked their flats and made initial payments before approaching the HFC for loans, negating claims of reliance on alleged assurances from the HFC — The HFC disbursed loans based on the borrowers’ proposals and submitted records, and could not be held liable for the developer’s subsequent defaults.
Consumer Protection Act, 1986 — Section 2(1)(g) — Deficiency in service — Manufacturing defect — Vehicle purchased with manufacturing defect — State Commission awarded refund of purchase price and compensation — High Court modified the order, directing refund of the principal amount without interest or compensation, citing the complainant’s refusal to accept a replacement engine — Appeal partly allowed
Consumer
Consumer Protection Act, 1986 — Section 2(1)(g) — Deficiency in service — Manufacturing defect — Vehicle purchased with manufacturing defect — State Commission awarded refund of purchase price and compensation — High Court modified the order, directing refund of the principal amount without interest or compensation, citing the complainant’s refusal to accept a replacement engine — Appeal partly allowed
Consumer Protection Act, 1986 — Sections 21, 22 — Medical Negligence — Burden of Proof — Complainant failed to discharge the burden of proving medical negligence by leading cogent and convincing evidence — Mere assertions or affidavits are insufficient — Dismissed
Consumer
Consumer Protection Act, 1986 — Sections 21, 22 — Medical Negligence — Burden of Proof — Complainant failed to discharge the burden of proving medical negligence by leading cogent and convincing evidence — Mere assertions or affidavits are insufficient — Dismissed
Consumer Protection Act, 1986 — Section 21(b) — Revisional Jurisdiction — Limited scope — Cannot be invoked for setting aside orders based solely on appreciation of facts.
Consumer
Consumer Protection Act, 1986 — Section 21(b) — Revisional Jurisdiction — Limited scope — Cannot be invoked for setting aside orders based solely on appreciation of facts.
Consumer Protection Act, 1986 — Section 2(1)(d)(ii) — Definition of “Consumer” — Commercial Purpose — Bank Guarantees availed for the purpose of facilitating profit generation in a business transaction are not considered to be for a commercial purpose that excludes them from the definition of a consumer under the Act, especially when the dispute concerns the refund of commission for unutilized periods of such guarantees — The dominant purpose test applies, and the specific nature of the dispute regarding service charges makes the complaint maintainable — The interpretation of “commercial purpose” should not exclude disputes related to service charges for financial facilities.
Consumer
Consumer Protection Act, 1986 — Section 2(1)(d)(ii) — Definition of “Consumer” — Commercial Purpose — Bank Guarantees availed for the purpose of facilitating profit generation in a business transaction are not considered to be for a commercial purpose that excludes them from the definition of a consumer under the Act, especially when the dispute concerns the refund of commission for unutilized periods of such guarantees — The dominant purpose test applies, and the specific nature of the dispute regarding service charges makes the complaint maintainable — The interpretation of “commercial purpose” should not exclude disputes related to service charges for financial facilities.
Consumer

Consumer Protection Act, 1986, S.12–Education–Misleading advertisement-Institute did not file any documentary evidence that it was recognized by the Government in any manner and was affiliated with any state or central university-Contention that Diploma Course in Veterinary pharmacy is not governed by any statute; not accepted-Order directing refund of fee with interest upheld.

Aug 10, 2017 sclaw

2017(1) Law Herald (SC) 371 (NCDRC) : 2016 LawHeiald.Org 2450 IN THE NATIONAL CONSUMER DISPUTES REDRESSAL COMMISSION Before  The Hon’ble Mrs. Presiding Member M. Shreesha Revision Petition No. 1662 of…

I P C

Rape—Minor Victim—Delay in lodging FIR—Sexual assault on a girl aged nine years by her uncle—Incident came into light after 3 years—Accused convicted. Rape—Safe Testimony—Seeking corroboration to a statement before relying upon the same as a rule, in such cases, would literally amount to adding insult to injury.

Aug 10, 2017 sclaw

2017(1) Law Herald (SC) 360 : 2016 LawHerald.Org 2503 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Before The Hon’ble Mr, Justice A.K. Sikri The Hon’ble Mr. Justice Abhay Manohar Sapre Criminal…

Corporate

Security Interest (Enforcement) Rules, 2002, R.8–Auction Sale-Symbolic Possession-No advertisement was published in the newspaper in terms of Rule 8(2) of the Rules and no possession notice under Rule 8(1) was affixed on the said property-Auction Sale though confirmed but set aside-Sale certificate quashed.

Aug 9, 2017 sclaw

2017(1) Law Herald (SC) 356 : 2016 LawHerald.Org 2534 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Before The Hon’ble Mr. Justice Anil R. Dave  The Hon’ble Mr. Justice Uday Umesh Lalit…

Constitution

Service Law—Sporting a beard—Muslim Airman—Religion of personnel does not prohibit the cutting off the hair or shaving off the face of its members-Permission held to be rightly declined, Service Law-Sporting of beard-Armed Forces-Appellant, an Airman belonging to Muslim Religion sought permission to sport a broad on religious grounds-Permission declined-Order upheld-Held;

Aug 9, 2017 sclaw

2017(1) Law Herald (SC) 351 : 2016 LawHerald.Org 2533 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Before The Hon’ble Mr. Chief Justice T.S. Thakur The Hon’ble Mr. Justice D.Y. Chandrachud The…

Dying Declaration

Dying Declaration—A valid dying declaration maybe made without obtaining a certificate fitness of the declaration by medical officer. Abetment of Suicide—Eve teasing—Active acts of the accused have led the deceased to put an end to her life as accused has played active role in tarnishing the self-esteem and self respect of the victim—Accused convicted.

Aug 8, 2017 sclaw

2017(2) Law Herald (SC) 1303 : 2017 LawHerald.Org 891 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Before The Hon’ble Mr. Justice Dipak Misra The Hon’ble Mr. Justice A.M. Khanwilkar The Hon’ble…

Cheque Dishonour

Dishonour of Cheque—Second notice is of no relevance and could be construed as reminder notice only. Dishonour of Cheque—Deemed Service—Once notice is sent by registered post by correctly addressing to the drawer of the cheque, the service of notice is deemed to have been effected.

Aug 8, 2017 sclaw

2017(2) Law Herald (SC) 1292 : 2017 LawHerald.Org 902 IN THE SUPREME COURT OF INDIA Before The Hon’ble Mr. Justice N. V. Ramana The Hon’ble Mr. Justice Prafulla C. Pant…

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Consumer

Consumer Protection Act, 1986 — Section 2(1)(g) — Deficiency in service — Manufacturing defect — Vehicle purchased with manufacturing defect — State Commission awarded refund of purchase price and compensation — High Court modified the order, directing refund of the principal amount without interest or compensation, citing the complainant’s refusal to accept a replacement engine — Appeal partly allowed

Apr 14, 2026 sclaw
Consumer

Consumer Protection Act, 1986 — Sections 21, 22 — Medical Negligence — Burden of Proof — Complainant failed to discharge the burden of proving medical negligence by leading cogent and convincing evidence — Mere assertions or affidavits are insufficient — Dismissed

Apr 14, 2026 sclaw
Consumer

Consumer Protection Act, 1986 — Section 21(b) — Revisional Jurisdiction — Limited scope — Cannot be invoked for setting aside orders based solely on appreciation of facts.

Apr 14, 2026 sclaw
Consumer

Consumer Protection Act, 1986 — Section 2(1)(d)(ii) — Definition of “Consumer” — Commercial Purpose — Bank Guarantees availed for the purpose of facilitating profit generation in a business transaction are not considered to be for a commercial purpose that excludes them from the definition of a consumer under the Act, especially when the dispute concerns the refund of commission for unutilized periods of such guarantees — The dominant purpose test applies, and the specific nature of the dispute regarding service charges makes the complaint maintainable — The interpretation of “commercial purpose” should not exclude disputes related to service charges for financial facilities.

Apr 14, 2026 sclaw