Supreme Court of India Judgements

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Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956 — Section 8(3) — Unauthorized alienation of minor’s property — Such alienation is voidable, not void ab initio, and can be challenged by the minor upon attaining majority or by someone claiming under the minor. Criminal Procedure — Delay in Investigation and Filing of Charge Sheet — Speedy Trial — Right to Speedy Trial and Timely Completion of Investigation are integral parts of Article 21 of the Constitution — Statutory recognition in CrPC for prompt investigation — Investigations should be completed within a reasonable time, not endlessly — Lack of strict timelines in CrPC does not permit indefinite investigations — Inordinate delay without adequate justification warrants intervention by Courts. Contract Law — Statutory Amendment — Impact on existing contracts — Where a statutory amendment alters a fundamental aspect like royalty rates, a pre-existing contract cannot prevent the application of the amended law, especially when the payment of royalty is linked to the removal or consumption of minerals — [MMDR Act] Applicability of S.9 — Scope — Section 9 applies broadly to all entities engaged in removal/dispatch of minerals, not only direct mining lessees. Criminal Procedure — Passport — Return/Surrender of Passport — Accused facing serious criminal charges — Right to travel abroad vis-à-vis right to speedy trial — Balance between individual liberty and societal interest — Accused charged with abetment of suicide and criminal conspiracy since 2014, trial still at stage of committal despite lapse of over ten years — Accused, a US citizen, had misused interim protection in prior proceedings to leave the country without Court’s leave — Whether High Court justified in permitting accused to travel abroad on grounds of medical treatment — Held, not justified — High Court indulgent rather than judicially restrained — Medical facilities in India comparable to those abroad — High Court’s revisional order set aside — Accused restrained from travelling abroad without express permission of Sessions Court — Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, S. 442 — Constitution of India, Art. 21 Service Law — Promotion — Entitlement to promotion to Chief Medical Director (Higher Administrative Grade) in Indian Railway Medical Service — Appellant was denied promotion despite being eligible, with a junior officer being promoted instead — Appellant’s case was rejected by the Tribunal and High Court based on her grading in Annual Confidential Reports
Cr P C

Criminal Procedure — Delay in Investigation and Filing of Charge Sheet — Speedy Trial — Right to Speedy Trial and Timely Completion of Investigation are integral parts of Article 21 of the Constitution — Statutory recognition in CrPC for prompt investigation — Investigations should be completed within a reasonable time, not endlessly — Lack of strict timelines in CrPC does not permit indefinite investigations — Inordinate delay without adequate justification warrants intervention by Courts.

Jun 8, 2026 sclaw
Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956 — Section 8(3) — Unauthorized alienation of minor’s property — Such alienation is voidable, not void ab initio, and can be challenged by the minor upon attaining majority or by someone claiming under the minor.
C P C
Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956 — Section 8(3) — Unauthorized alienation of minor’s property — Such alienation is voidable, not void ab initio, and can be challenged by the minor upon attaining majority or by someone claiming under the minor.
Criminal Procedure — Delay in Investigation and Filing of Charge Sheet — Speedy Trial — Right to Speedy Trial and Timely Completion of Investigation are integral parts of Article 21 of the Constitution — Statutory recognition in CrPC for prompt investigation — Investigations should be completed within a reasonable time, not endlessly — Lack of strict timelines in CrPC does not permit indefinite investigations — Inordinate delay without adequate justification warrants intervention by Courts.
Cr P C
Criminal Procedure — Delay in Investigation and Filing of Charge Sheet — Speedy Trial — Right to Speedy Trial and Timely Completion of Investigation are integral parts of Article 21 of the Constitution — Statutory recognition in CrPC for prompt investigation — Investigations should be completed within a reasonable time, not endlessly — Lack of strict timelines in CrPC does not permit indefinite investigations — Inordinate delay without adequate justification warrants intervention by Courts.
Contract Law — Statutory Amendment — Impact on existing contracts — Where a statutory amendment alters a fundamental aspect like royalty rates, a pre-existing contract cannot prevent the application of the amended law, especially when the payment of royalty is linked to the removal or consumption of minerals — [MMDR Act] Applicability of S.9 — Scope — Section 9 applies broadly to all entities engaged in removal/dispatch of minerals, not only direct mining lessees.
Contract Act Mining
Contract Law — Statutory Amendment — Impact on existing contracts — Where a statutory amendment alters a fundamental aspect like royalty rates, a pre-existing contract cannot prevent the application of the amended law, especially when the payment of royalty is linked to the removal or consumption of minerals — [MMDR Act] Applicability of S.9 — Scope — Section 9 applies broadly to all entities engaged in removal/dispatch of minerals, not only direct mining lessees.
Criminal Procedure — Passport — Return/Surrender of Passport — Accused facing serious criminal charges — Right to travel abroad vis-à-vis right to speedy trial — Balance between individual liberty and societal interest — Accused charged with abetment of suicide and criminal conspiracy since 2014, trial still at stage of committal despite lapse of over ten years — Accused, a US citizen, had misused interim protection in prior proceedings to leave the country without Court’s leave — Whether High Court justified in permitting accused to travel abroad on grounds of medical treatment — Held, not justified — High Court indulgent rather than judicially restrained — Medical facilities in India comparable to those abroad — High Court’s revisional order set aside — Accused restrained from travelling abroad without express permission of Sessions Court — Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, S. 442 — Constitution of India, Art. 21
Cr P C
Criminal Procedure — Passport — Return/Surrender of Passport — Accused facing serious criminal charges — Right to travel abroad vis-à-vis right to speedy trial — Balance between individual liberty and societal interest — Accused charged with abetment of suicide and criminal conspiracy since 2014, trial still at stage of committal despite lapse of over ten years — Accused, a US citizen, had misused interim protection in prior proceedings to leave the country without Court’s leave — Whether High Court justified in permitting accused to travel abroad on grounds of medical treatment — Held, not justified — High Court indulgent rather than judicially restrained — Medical facilities in India comparable to those abroad — High Court’s revisional order set aside — Accused restrained from travelling abroad without express permission of Sessions Court — Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, S. 442 — Constitution of India, Art. 21
Arbitration

Arbitration and Conciliation Act, 1996 — Section 16 — Challenge to Arbitral Tribunal’s order on jurisdiction — Writ jurisdiction under Articles 226/227 of Constitution — High Court’s powers and limitations — Distinction between maintainability and entertainability of writ petition — When writ intervention is permissible — Principle of minimal judicial intervention in arbitral proceedings.

May 31, 2026 sclaw

2026 INSC 566 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA DIVISION BENCH M/S TARINI PRASAD MOHANTY Vs. M/S SUNFLAG IRON AND STEEL COMPANY LIMITED ( Before : J. K. Maheshwari and Atul S.…

Municipal Laws

Maharashtra Industrial Development Act, 1961 — Section 17 — Maharashtra Municipal Corporations Act, 1949 (MMC Act) — Sections 127, 128A — Maharashtra Regional Town Planning Act, 1966 (MRTP Act) — First Schedule, Clause 7(1) — Imposition of tax and fee — Distinction — The Maharashtra Industrial Development Corporation (MIDC) is empowered to levy fees or service charges for amenities provided, but not to impose taxes — The Navi Mumbai Municipal Corporation (NMMC) has the power to impose property tax, which includes various components like water tax, sewerage tax, general tax, etc — Fee or service charges levied by MIDC are not taxes as there is a quid pro quo for services rendered, whereas taxes are compulsory exactions for public revenue without reference to specific benefits.

May 31, 2026 sclaw

2026 INSC 570 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA DIVISION BENCH SMALL SCALE ENTERPRENEURS ASSOCIATION AND OTHERS Vs. THE STATE OF MAHARASHTRA AND OTHERS ( Before : Pankaj Mithal and Prasanna B.…

Service Matters
Service

Andaman & Nicobar Administration (Police Department) Group ‘C’ Post Recruitment Rules, 2008 — Amendment by Substitution — Effect of — Word “substituted” in amending legislation means deletion of old provision and making new one operative — The process of substitution has two steps: old rule ceases to exist, and new rule comes into existence — Unless legislature intends otherwise, substitution has effect of deleting old rule and making new rule operative, prospective in effect.

May 31, 2026 sclaw

2026 INSC 572 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA DIVISION BENCH JAGDISH PRASAD AND OTHERS Vs. P.M. MANOJ KUMAR AND OTHERS ( Before : Pankaj Mithal and S.V.N. Bhatti, JJ. ) Civil…

Specific Performance Specific Relief Act

Specific Relief Act, 1963 — Section 16(c) — ‘Readiness and Willingness’ — Plaintiff must aver and prove continuous readiness and willingness to perform contract terms — Such readiness and willingness is gathered from totality of facts and circumstances, including conduct of parties before and after filing suit — Amount to be paid must be proved to be available — Plaintiff must prove readiness and willingness from date of contract till decree — Court can infer readiness and willingness from facts and circumstances.

May 31, 2026 sclaw

2026 INSC 573 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA DIVISION BENCH A. SHAHUL HAMEED Vs. N. MALLIGARJUNA AND OTHERS ( Before : Sanjay Karol and Vipul M. Pancholi, JJ. ) Civil Appeal…

Accident Acquittal

Penal Code, 1860 (IPC) — Sections 279, 304A — Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 (MV Act) — Sections 134, 187 — Rash and negligent driving causing death — Driver acted on conductor’s signals for stopping and starting the bus — Driver cannot be held negligent when following conductor’s instructions — Death could be due to passenger’s own lack of care while alighting — Driver acquitted.

May 31, 2026 sclaw

2026 INSC 565 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA DIVISION BENCH MOHAMMAD HANIF JAINUM KHALIFA Vs. THE STATE OF KARNATAKA ( Before : Prashant Kumar Mishra and N.V. Anjaria, JJ. ) Criminal…

I P C

Criminal Law — Kidnapping for ransom under Section 364A of the Indian Penal Code, 1860 — Essential ingredients for conviction — The act of stopping children at pistol point and forcibly abducting a child satisfies the condition of threatening to cause death or hurt. –Proof of ransom demand — While Call Detail Records (CDRs) and Section 65-B of the Evidence Act are valuable, their absence is not fatal if the demand is established through cogent and corroborated oral testimonies of multiple witnesses, including the victim’s family and the investigating officer.

May 31, 2026 sclaw

2026 INSC 569 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA DIVISION BENCH HARJINDRA SINGH ETC. Vs. THE STATE OF U.P. ( Before : Pankaj Mithal and Prasanna B. Varale, JJ. ) Criminal Appeal…

Corporate

Competition Act, 2002 — Merger control (Section 6 read with Sections 10, 31) — Disclosure obligations — Substance over form (Regulation 9(4) and 9(5)) — Inter-connected steps — Duty of complete notification — Whether mere naming of agreements in a filing constitutes sufficient notice? — Held, notification is sufficient if inter-connected steps and linkages are placed on record and explained, enabling assessment, even if not labelled as per regulator’s preference.

May 31, 2026 sclaw

2026 INSC 576 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA DIVISION BENCH AMAZON.COM NV INVESTMENT HOLDINGS LLC Vs. COMPETITION COMMISSION OF INDIA AND OTHERS ( Before : Vikram Nath and Sandeep Mehta, JJ.…

Matrimonial

Constitution of India, 1950 — Article 142 — Supreme Court’s power to do complete justice — Marriage irretrievably broken down — Possibility of reconciliation non-existent — Multiple civil and criminal proceedings pending between parties — Compelling parties to remain married when ties have long been severed serves no legitimate purpose — Supreme Court can dissolve marriage under Article 142.

May 31, 2026 sclaw

2026 INSC 577 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA DIVISION BENCH SALIL DHAWAN Vs. PRIYANSHI GHAI ( Before : Vikram Nath and Sandeep Mehta, JJ. ) Civil Appeal No…..of 2026 (Arising out…

You missed

C P C

Hindu Minority and Guardianship Act, 1956 — Section 8(3) — Unauthorized alienation of minor’s property — Such alienation is voidable, not void ab initio, and can be challenged by the minor upon attaining majority or by someone claiming under the minor.

Jun 8, 2026 sclaw
Cr P C

Criminal Procedure — Delay in Investigation and Filing of Charge Sheet — Speedy Trial — Right to Speedy Trial and Timely Completion of Investigation are integral parts of Article 21 of the Constitution — Statutory recognition in CrPC for prompt investigation — Investigations should be completed within a reasonable time, not endlessly — Lack of strict timelines in CrPC does not permit indefinite investigations — Inordinate delay without adequate justification warrants intervention by Courts.

Jun 8, 2026 sclaw
Contract Act Mining

Contract Law — Statutory Amendment — Impact on existing contracts — Where a statutory amendment alters a fundamental aspect like royalty rates, a pre-existing contract cannot prevent the application of the amended law, especially when the payment of royalty is linked to the removal or consumption of minerals — [MMDR Act] Applicability of S.9 — Scope — Section 9 applies broadly to all entities engaged in removal/dispatch of minerals, not only direct mining lessees.

Jun 8, 2026 sclaw
Cr P C

Criminal Procedure — Passport — Return/Surrender of Passport — Accused facing serious criminal charges — Right to travel abroad vis-à-vis right to speedy trial — Balance between individual liberty and societal interest — Accused charged with abetment of suicide and criminal conspiracy since 2014, trial still at stage of committal despite lapse of over ten years — Accused, a US citizen, had misused interim protection in prior proceedings to leave the country without Court’s leave — Whether High Court justified in permitting accused to travel abroad on grounds of medical treatment — Held, not justified — High Court indulgent rather than judicially restrained — Medical facilities in India comparable to those abroad — High Court’s revisional order set aside — Accused restrained from travelling abroad without express permission of Sessions Court — Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita, 2023, S. 442 — Constitution of India, Art. 21

Jun 8, 2026 sclaw