Supreme Court of India Judgements

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Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) — Sections 451 & 457 — Release of Seized Property — Trial Court rejecting release application for iron ore on grounds of applicant’s failure to substantiate ownership — High Court setting aside trial court’s order without examining correctness of its finding on ownership — High Court should have either agreed with trial court’s finding on ownership or recorded reasons for disagreeing — Failure to do so warrants interference and remand. Evidence Act, 1872 — Section 50 — Opinion as to relationship, when relevant — Opinion expressed by conduct of person with special knowledge on relationship is relevant — Essentials are court’s opinion, expression through conduct, and person having special knowledge — Conduct alone is not proof but an intermediate step to infer opinion — Opinion must be proved by direct evidence — Court needs to weigh evidence to form its own conclusion; Trial Court erred in treating opinion of witnesses as fact rather than evidence to be weighed and failed to independently assess credibility. Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 — Bail — Anticipatory Bail — Supreme Court granted leave to appeal against High Court’s rejection of bail in anticipation of arrest — Custodial interrogation not required — Appellant may be admitted to bail in anticipation of arrest upon arrest, subject to terms and conditions fixed by the trial court — Appellant directed not to dissuade witnesses from disclosing facts to authorities. Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) — Section 366 — Death Sentence Reference — Sentencing Procedure — Conviction and death penalty were pronounced on the same day without a proper inquiry into aggravating and mitigating circumstances, psychological evaluation, or jail conduct report. This haste violated established sentencing principles and vitiated the death sentence. Army Act, 1950 — Sections 63 and 69 — Possession of ammunition — Substitution of conviction — Tribunal can substitute conviction from a civil offence (Section 69) to an act prejudicial to good order and discipline (Section 63) if evidence supports the latter and the original court-martial could have lawfully found the accused guilty of the substituted offence.
Cr P C

Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) — Sections 451 & 457 — Release of Seized Property — Trial Court rejecting release application for iron ore on grounds of applicant’s failure to substantiate ownership — High Court setting aside trial court’s order without examining correctness of its finding on ownership — High Court should have either agreed with trial court’s finding on ownership or recorded reasons for disagreeing — Failure to do so warrants interference and remand.

Oct 12, 2025 sclaw
Evidence Act

Evidence Act, 1872 — Section 50 — Opinion as to relationship, when relevant — Opinion expressed by conduct of person with special knowledge on relationship is relevant — Essentials are court’s opinion, expression through conduct, and person having special knowledge — Conduct alone is not proof but an intermediate step to infer opinion — Opinion must be proved by direct evidence — Court needs to weigh evidence to form its own conclusion; Trial Court erred in treating opinion of witnesses as fact rather than evidence to be weighed and failed to independently assess credibility.

Oct 12, 2025 sclaw
Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) — Sections 451 & 457 — Release of Seized Property — Trial Court rejecting release application for iron ore on grounds of applicant’s failure to substantiate ownership — High Court setting aside trial court’s order without examining correctness of its finding on ownership — High Court should have either agreed with trial court’s finding on ownership or recorded reasons for disagreeing — Failure to do so warrants interference and remand.
Cr P C
Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) — Sections 451 & 457 — Release of Seized Property — Trial Court rejecting release application for iron ore on grounds of applicant’s failure to substantiate ownership — High Court setting aside trial court’s order without examining correctness of its finding on ownership — High Court should have either agreed with trial court’s finding on ownership or recorded reasons for disagreeing — Failure to do so warrants interference and remand.
Evidence Act, 1872 — Section 50 — Opinion as to relationship, when relevant — Opinion expressed by conduct of person with special knowledge on relationship is relevant — Essentials are court’s opinion, expression through conduct, and person having special knowledge — Conduct alone is not proof but an intermediate step to infer opinion — Opinion must be proved by direct evidence — Court needs to weigh evidence to form its own conclusion; Trial Court erred in treating opinion of witnesses as fact rather than evidence to be weighed and failed to independently assess credibility.
Evidence Act
Evidence Act, 1872 — Section 50 — Opinion as to relationship, when relevant — Opinion expressed by conduct of person with special knowledge on relationship is relevant — Essentials are court’s opinion, expression through conduct, and person having special knowledge — Conduct alone is not proof but an intermediate step to infer opinion — Opinion must be proved by direct evidence — Court needs to weigh evidence to form its own conclusion; Trial Court erred in treating opinion of witnesses as fact rather than evidence to be weighed and failed to independently assess credibility.
Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 — Bail — Anticipatory Bail — Supreme Court granted leave to appeal against High Court’s rejection of bail in anticipation of arrest — Custodial interrogation not required — Appellant may be admitted to bail in anticipation of arrest upon arrest, subject to terms and conditions fixed by the trial court — Appellant directed not to dissuade witnesses from disclosing facts to authorities.
Anticipatory Bail Corruption
Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 — Bail — Anticipatory Bail — Supreme Court granted leave to appeal against High Court’s rejection of bail in anticipation of arrest — Custodial interrogation not required — Appellant may be admitted to bail in anticipation of arrest upon arrest, subject to terms and conditions fixed by the trial court — Appellant directed not to dissuade witnesses from disclosing facts to authorities.
Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) — Section 366 — Death Sentence Reference — Sentencing Procedure — Conviction and death penalty were pronounced on the same day without a proper inquiry into aggravating and mitigating circumstances, psychological evaluation, or jail conduct report. This haste violated established sentencing principles and vitiated the death sentence.
Cr P C
Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) — Section 366 — Death Sentence Reference — Sentencing Procedure — Conviction and death penalty were pronounced on the same day without a proper inquiry into aggravating and mitigating circumstances, psychological evaluation, or jail conduct report. This haste violated established sentencing principles and vitiated the death sentence.
Will & Succession

Indian Succession Act, 1925 — Section 306 — Abatement of suits — Claim for compensation for personal injury under Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 — Right to claim compensation survives to legal representatives upon death of injured claimant, irrespective of cause of death — Amendment to Section 167 of Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 by Act 32 of 2019 with effect from 01.04.2022 is retrospective and applicable to pending appeals — Preliminary objection by insurance company regarding abatement of appeal on death of claimant rejected

Sep 28, 2025 sclaw

2025 INSC 1177 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA DIVISION BENCH DHANNALAL ALIAS DHANRAJ (DEAD) THR. LRS. Vs. NASIR KHAN AND OTHERS ( Before : K. Vinod Chandran and N. V. Anjaria,…

Accident

Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 — Section 149 — Liability of insurer — Award of compensation — Insurance policy validity — Truck driver’s rash and negligent driving caused death of security guard — Tribunal awarded compensation to claimants — Insurance Company argued policy was not valid on accident date due to fraudulent alteration of dates by owner — This contention was raised only in review petition, not in main proceedings — Insurer failed to prove fraud — Review application dismissed for lack of power by Tribunal.

Sep 28, 2025 sclaw

2025 INSC 1178 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA DIVISION BENCH NEW INDIA ASSURANCE CO. LTD Vs. NARAYAN SINGH AND OTHERS ( Before : K. Vinod Chandran and N.V. Anjaria, JJ. )…

Corporate

Competition Act, 2002 — Sections 3(1), 3(3)(b), 27, 48 — Anti-competitive agreements — Penalty on office-bearers — Principles of natural justice — Show cause notice — Opportunity of hearing — Commission’s power to differ with DG — Competent to impose penalties and behavioural remedies on individuals responsible for contravention after due process.

Sep 28, 2025 sclaw

2025 INSC 1167 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA DIVISION BENCH COMPETITION COMMISSION OF INDIA Vs. KERALA FILM EXHIBITORS FEDERATION AND OTHERS ( Before : Manoj Misra and K. V. Viswanathan, JJ.…

Cr P C

Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) — Section 482 — Quashing of FIR — Essential conditions — If allegations in FIR or complaint, even if taken at face value, do not prima facie constitute an offence or make out a case against the accused, quashing is justified — Vague and general allegations are insufficient to establish a prima facie case.

Sep 28, 2025 sclaw

2025 INSC 1168 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA FULL BENCH SANJAY D. JAIN AND OTHERS Vs. STATE OF MAHARASHTRA AND OTHERS ( Before : B.R. Gavai, CJI., K. Vinod Chandran and…

Cr P C

Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) — Section 482 — Quashing of FIR — High Court’s power to quash — While High Court should not conduct a mini-trial at the stage of quashing proceedings, an order of quashing based on justifiable reasons cannot be set aside simply due to its length or detailed reasoning.

Sep 28, 2025 sclaw

2025 INSC 1173 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA DIVISION BENCH THE STATE OF TELANGANA Vs. JERUSALEM MATHAI AND ANOTHER ( Before : B.R. Gavai, CJI. and K. Vinod Chandran, JJ. )…

Accident

Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 — Sections 166, 173 — Award of Tribunal reversed by High Court — Claimant appealing — Death in hit and run accident alleged — Victim’s family claiming compensation — Husband of first appellant died in alleged accident — Accident witnessed by neighbour — High Court found accident and vehicle involvement not proved — Appeal dismissed.

Sep 28, 2025 sclaw

2025 INSC 1176 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA DIVISION BENCH RAJAMMA AND OTHERS Vs. M/S. RELIANCE GENERAL INSURANCE CO. LTD. AND ANOTHER ( Before : K. Vinod Chandran and N. V.…

I B C

. Insolvency and Bankruptcy Code, 2016 — Section 62 — Appeal to Supreme Court — Limited to questions of law — Concurrent findings of fact by NCLT and NCLAT ordinarily not to be interfered with — Unless view taken in ignorance of statutory provisions, based on extraneous consideration or ex-facie arbitrary/illegal.

Sep 28, 2025 sclaw

2025 INSC 1165 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA FULL BENCH KALYANI TRANSCO Vs. M/S BHUSHAN POWER AND STEEL LIMITED AND OTHERS ( Before : B.R. Gavai, CJI, Satish Chandra Sharma and…

Accident

Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 — Sections 166, 173 — Motor Vehicle Accident Claim — Quantum of Compensation — Medical Expenses — Insurance company unable to verify medical bills from hospitals in places other than victim’s hometown is not a valid contention. Explanation for treatment in other locations due to victim’s medical condition (paraplegia and pneumonia) and climatic conditions is accepted.

Sep 28, 2025 sclaw

2025 INSC 1164 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA DIVISION BENCH SHARAD SINGH (DEAD) THROUGH LR. Vs. H. D. NARANG AND ANOTHER ( Before : K. Vinod Chandran and N.V. Anjaria, JJ.…

Service Matters
Service

Telangana State Judicial Rules, 2023 — Rule 5(5.1)(a) and Rule 2(k) — Interpretation of “practicing as an Advocate in the High Court” — Rejection of candidature for District Judge post — High Court’s dismissal of writ petitions based on interpretation that “High Court” refers solely to the Telangana High Court — Supreme Court’s decision to permit appointment as a special case without unsettling the rules — Orders for declaration of results and appointment of qualified candidates — Clarification that the order is not a precedent and does not grant arrears of monetary benefits or claim to pre-existing seniority.

Sep 28, 2025 sclaw

2025 INSC 1169 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA DIVISION BENCH USHA KIRAN KSHATRI AND OTHERS Vs. THE STATE OF TELANGANA AND OTHERS ( Before : Dipankar Datta and Augustine George Masih,…

You missed

Cr P C

Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) — Sections 451 & 457 — Release of Seized Property — Trial Court rejecting release application for iron ore on grounds of applicant’s failure to substantiate ownership — High Court setting aside trial court’s order without examining correctness of its finding on ownership — High Court should have either agreed with trial court’s finding on ownership or recorded reasons for disagreeing — Failure to do so warrants interference and remand.

Oct 12, 2025 sclaw
Evidence Act

Evidence Act, 1872 — Section 50 — Opinion as to relationship, when relevant — Opinion expressed by conduct of person with special knowledge on relationship is relevant — Essentials are court’s opinion, expression through conduct, and person having special knowledge — Conduct alone is not proof but an intermediate step to infer opinion — Opinion must be proved by direct evidence — Court needs to weigh evidence to form its own conclusion; Trial Court erred in treating opinion of witnesses as fact rather than evidence to be weighed and failed to independently assess credibility.

Oct 12, 2025 sclaw
Anticipatory Bail Corruption

Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 — Bail — Anticipatory Bail — Supreme Court granted leave to appeal against High Court’s rejection of bail in anticipation of arrest — Custodial interrogation not required — Appellant may be admitted to bail in anticipation of arrest upon arrest, subject to terms and conditions fixed by the trial court — Appellant directed not to dissuade witnesses from disclosing facts to authorities.

Oct 12, 2025 sclaw
Cr P C

Criminal Procedure Code, 1973 (CrPC) — Section 366 — Death Sentence Reference — Sentencing Procedure — Conviction and death penalty were pronounced on the same day without a proper inquiry into aggravating and mitigating circumstances, psychological evaluation, or jail conduct report. This haste violated established sentencing principles and vitiated the death sentence.

Oct 12, 2025 sclaw