Supreme Court of India Judgements

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Category: Constitution

Constitution

Surrogacy (Regulation) Act, 2021 — Section 4(iii)(c)(I) — Age-restriction for intending couples — Retrospective application — Intending couples who commenced surrogacy procedures (including embryo creation and freezing) before the Act’s commencement date (25.01.2022) are not subject to the age-restrictions under Section 4(iii)(c)(I). The Act, unless expressly or by necessary implication made retrospective, is presumed to be prospective. The commencement of freezing embryos signifies a vested right and a crystallized intention, preventing subsequent age-bar imposition from frustrating the process.

Oct 11, 2025 sclaw

2025 INSC 1209 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA DIVISION BENCH VIJAYA KUMARI S AND ANOTHER Vs. UNION OF INDIA ( Before : B.V. Nagarathna and K.V. Viswanathan, JJ. ) Writ Petition…

Constitution

Constitution of India, 1950 — Article 19(1)(c) — Freedom of association — Not absolute — Restrictions can be imposed for good governance and public interest, especially in sports administration to ensure transparency, accountability, and professionalism — AIFF Constitution’s mandate for State associations to conform to its provisions supported.

Sep 21, 2025 sclaw

2025 INSC 1131 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA DIVISION BENCH ALL INDIA FOOTBALL FEDERATION Vs. RAHUL MEHRA AND OTHERS ( Before : Pamidighantam Sri Narasimha and Joymalya Bagchi, JJ. ) Civil…

Constitution

Waqf Act, 1995 (as amended) — Challenge to constitutional validity of amendments — Petitioners contended that amendments are ultra vires the Constitution, violating fundamental rights including Articles 14, 15, 19, 21, 25, 26, 29, 30 and 300A. Respondents argued for legislative competence and presumption of validity of enactments. Court emphasized that statutes should only be declared unconstitutional if there is a clear, glaring, and undeniable violation of constitutional principles or fundamental rights, or if manifestly arbitrary, and that courts must strive to uphold legislative validity.

Sep 16, 2025 sclaw

2025 INSC 1116 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA DIVISION BENCH IN RE: THE WAQF AMENDMENT ACT, 2025 (1) ( Before : B.R. Gavai, CJI. and Augustine George Masih, J. ) Writ…

Constitution

Constitution of India, 1950 — Article 32 — Writ jurisdiction for enforcement of Fundamental Rights — Death sentence cases — Article 32 as continuing safeguard even after conventional judicial process has concluded — Power to intervene under Article 32 to prevent constitutional breach when human life hangs in the balance. Finality of Judgments — Reopening of concluded matters — Article 32 available to remedy grievances when fundamental rights are violated — Curative petition limitations — Exception for miscarriage of justice and perpetuation of irremediable injustice.

Sep 2, 2025 sclaw

2025 INSC 1043 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA FULL BENCH VASANTA SAMPAT DUPARE Vs. UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS ( Before : Vikram Nath, Sanjay Karol and Sandeep Mehta, JJ. )…

Constitution

Petition by High Court Judge challenging ‘In-House Procedure’ for judicial misconduct inquiry — Petitioner sought declaration of certain paragraphs of the Procedure as unconstitutional and ultra vires — Held, the ‘In-House Procedure’ is legally sanctioned and fills a constitutional gap in disciplining judges for misconduct not amounting to impeachment — Procedure is not an extra-constitutional mechanism — Petitioner’s conduct in participating without demur and challenging post-adverse findings dis-entitled him to relief on grounds of tardiness and lack of bona fides, although Constitutional challenge itself is not waivable

Aug 9, 2025 sclaw

2025 INSC 943 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA DIVISION BENCH XXX Vs. THE UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS ( Before : Dipankar Datta and Augustine George Masih, JJ. ) Writ Petition…

Constitution

Constitution of India, 1950 — Tenth Schedule, Para 6(1) — Disqualification of Members — Speaker’s authority to decide — Judicial review of Speaker’s decision — Scope of — Decision of Speaker is amenable to judicial review on grounds of jurisdictional errors, mala fides, non-compliance with natural justice, and perversity.

Aug 5, 2025 sclaw

2025 INSC 912 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA DIVISION BENCH PADI KAUSHIK REDDY ETC. Vs. STATE OF TELANGANA AND OTHERS ETC. ( Before : B.R. Gavai, CJI. and Augustine George Masih,…

Constitution

Constitution of India, 1950 — Tenth Schedule, Para 6(1) — Disqualification of Members — Speaker’s authority to decide — Judicial review of Speaker’s decision — Scope of — Decision of Speaker is amenable to judicial review on grounds of jurisdictional errors, mala fides, non-compliance with natural justice, and perversity. Delay in deciding disqualification petitions — Speaker’s duty to decide expeditiously — Held, Speaker is bound to decide disqualification petitions within a reasonable period.

Aug 1, 2025 sclaw

2025 INSC 912 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA DIVISION BENCH PADI KAUSHIK REDDY ETC. Vs. STATE OF TELANGANA AND OTHERS ETC. ( Before : B.R. Gavai, CJI. and Augustine George Masih,…

Constitution

Kerala Cricket Association Byelaws, not specified — Blacklisting of member — KCA blacklisted the appellant life-ban for alleged concealment of facts before the High Court — Supreme Court struck down the blacklisting order as consequential to the erroneous rejection of the writ petition and writ appeal by the High Court, finding the High Court’s view of the appellant approaching with “unclean hands” to be harsh and not substantiated by the facts presented.

Jul 31, 2025 sclaw

2025 INSC 906 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA DIVISION BENCH SANTHOSH KARUNAKARAN Vs. OMBUDSMAN CUM ETHICS OFFICER, KERALA CRICKET ASSOCIATION AND ANOTHER ( Before : Vikram Nath and Sandeep Mehta, JJ.…

Constitution

Constitution of India, 1950 — Article 32 — Writ jurisdiction — Violation of Fundamental Rights — A writ petition under Article 32 requires a prima facie case of violation or imminent threat of violation of a Fundamental Right, with specific pleadings and prayers for relief. Vague allegations of arbitrariness or violation of natural justice without specific impact on Fundamental Rights are insufficient to maintain the petition.

Jul 28, 2025 sclaw

2025 INSC 884 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA FULL BENCH VISHNU VARDHAN @ VISHNU PRADHAN Vs. THE STATE OF UTTAR PRADESH AND OTHERS ( Before : Surya Kant, Dipankar Datta and…

Constitution

Constitution of India, 1950 — Article 170(3) — Proviso — Readjustment of seats in Legislative Assemblies — Constitutional bar on readjustment of seats in State Legislative Assemblies until publication of census data after 2026 — Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014, Section 26 — Increase in seats subject to Article 170(3) — Petitioners’ claim for delimitation in Andhra Pradesh and Telangana dismissed as it contravened constitutional mandate.

Jul 27, 2025 sclaw

2025 INSC 894 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA DIVISION BENCH K. PURUSHOTTAM REDDY Vs. UNION OF INDIA AND OTHERS ( Before : Surya Kant and Nongmeikapam Kotiswar Singh, JJ. ) Writ…

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State Laws

Uttar Pradesh Zamindari Abolition and Land Reforms Act, 1950 — Section 154 — Transfer of land in contravention of ceiling limit — Not void ipso facto — Capable of ratification — Legality of transfer to be judged by law on date of execution — Sale deed executed on 04.06.1957 — Ceiling limit then was 30 acres, subsequently amended to 12.5 acres retrospectively from 01.07.1952 — Transfer in contravention of Section 154 not void but voidable at instance of Gaon Sabha coupled with liability for ejectment of transferee under Section 163 — No suit filed for ejectment within limitation period.

Jun 24, 2026 sclaw
Specific Performance

Specific Relief Act, 1963 — Section 16(c) — “Readiness and Willingness” — Relief of specific performance is equitable and discretionary — Plaintiff must specifically aver and prove continuous readiness and willingness to perform obligations — Failure to do so disentitles plaintiff to relief — “Readiness” refers to financial capacity, “Willingness” to conduct and intention — Both cumulatively must be seen — Conduct of plaintiff prior and subsequent to suit, along with attending circumstances, must be considered — Availability of funds must be proved with reference to relevant time, not by documents created much later.

Jun 24, 2026 sclaw
Accident

Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 — Section 166 and 140 — Compensation for death in motor vehicular accident — Negligence — Truck stationed on road at night without warning lights or indicators — Wagon-R car collided from behind — Held, truck driver was negligent in leaving the vehicle unattended on the road without adequate precautionary measures, which was the proximate cause of the accident.

Jun 24, 2026 sclaw
Accident

Motor Vehicles Act, 1988 — Section 166 — Motor Accident Claims Tribunal — Compensation — Enhancement — High Court enhanced compensation, but calculation of future prospects and omission of certain awarded amounts were infirmities — Supreme Court addressed these infirmities.

Jun 24, 2026 sclaw